CHAPTER 4. Measures To Improve Our Understanding of Weather and Climate Extremes. Weather and Climate Extremes in a Changing Climate. Regions of Focus: North America, Hawaii, Caribbean, and U.S. Pacific Islands

Weather and Climate Extremes in a Changing Climate. Regions of Focus: North America, Hawaii, Caribbean, and U.S. Pacific islands

CHAPTER 3. Causes of Observed Changes in Extremes and Projections of Future Changes. Weather and Climate Extremes in a Changing Climate. Regions of Focus: North America, Hawaii, Caribbean, and U.S. Pacific Islands

Changes in some weather and climate extremes are attributable to human-induced emissions of greenhouse gases. Human-induced warming has likely caused much of the average temperature increase in North America • over the past 50 years. This affects changes in temperature extremes. Heavy precipitation events averaged over North America have increased over the past 50 years, • consistent with the o...

بررسی اثر تغییر اقلیم بر روند نمایه های حدی بارش ایران زمین

Global changes in extremes of the climatic variables that have been observed in recent decades can only be accounted anthropogenic, as well as natural changes. Factors are considered, and under enhanced greenhouse gas forcing the frequency of some of these extreme events is likely to change (IPCC, 2007 Alexander et al., 2007). Folland et al. (2001) showed that in some regions both temperature a...

Stochastic Models of Climate Extremes: Theory and Observations

One very important topic in climatology, meteorology, and related fields is the detailed understanding of extremes in a changing climate. There is broad consensus that the most hazardous effects of climate change are due to a potential increase (in frequency and/or intensity) of extreme weather and climate events. Extreme events are by definition rare, but they can have a significant impact on ...

Climate extremes and the role of dynamics.

Thermodynamics Versus Dynamics One of the most societally important manifestations of climate change is the changing frequency and amplitude of extreme weather and climate events. A simple conceptual picture of why climate change may lead to an increase in weather extremes is that as the atmosphere warms, the specific humidity of the air increases, and in regions of enhanced latent heat release...